24 (visual acuity, arcus senilis, accommodation, retinal arteriosclerosis) have been recorded.8-13.32 1. General Findings Some general observations on the eyes of the Marshallese have indicated differences from the eves of U.S. Caucasians which may be related to ethnic backgroundand possibly to environmental factors. The major eve findingsfor the past 5 years are listed in Table 14. The high incidence of pingueculae and pterygia is the most notable findinglisted in the table. This has been found by others to be characteristic of people living on low coral atolls in the Pacific and is thoughtto be related to irritation of the eyes by coral dust, salt water, and bright sunlight. The other majorfindingslisted were related to general aging effects (loss of visual acuity, cataract forma- tion, loss of accommodation, loss of ocular muscle balance, etc.) and these appeared to occur to a lesser degree in the Marshallese than in Americans, although theincidence of arcussenilis and cataracts seemed higher. The Marshallese hadless myopia, aberrationsof color vision, and amblv- Table 14+ Ophthalmological Findings, 1970-1974 Rongelap and Ailingnae exposed (70*) Rongelap unexposed (133*) Utirik exposed (100*} Ocular condition No. % No. % No. % Anisocoria Arcus senilis Argyll-Robertson pupil Chalazion | 1 22 l 3 1.4 31.5 L4 4.3 0 34 0 1 0 25.5 0 0.75 0 2t 0 0 0 21 0 0 0 0 1.50 0 0 2 3.0 Choroiditis Congenital defects Conjunctivitis 2 2 Corneal pigment 0 Drusen 0 Corneal scar 3.0 3.0 2 0 2 0 0 2 . 1.50 0 0) 0 0 0 0 5 0 0 Glaucoma, primary Glaucoma. secondary Lens: 0 0 0 0 0 lt Cataracts Lenticular opacities 12 9 17.0 13.0 26 14 Macular degenerggpn Night vision impairment Nystagmus Phthisis bulbi 2 0 1 1 3.0 0 1.4 1.4 l 0 2 0 Polychromatic sheen Pinguecula Positive Romberg Proptosis Prerygium Ptosis Retinal arteriosclerosis Retinal hemorrhages Retinalscars Retinopathy, diabetic Strabismus Uveitis Vitreous opacities Xanthoma “Numberof people examined . 1.4 7 10.0 7 10.0 I I 14 1.4 17 2 24.0 3.0 - 2 3.0 il 13 6 0 0 0.75 19.5 10.5 10.0 0.75 0 15 0 4.5 ! 0 l ! 0 0 0 0 20 17 20 7 I 0 0 0 I 0 0 0 17 7 7 7 0 0 41 0 31.0 0 29 0. 29 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.75 0 1 0 1 1 ‘19 2 0 2 3.0 0. 3.0 2 0 2 t 1.4 1.4 3.0 0 1 0 15.7 1 2 3.75 0 I 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 Enophthalmos Enucleation 1.50 0 0 1 0 0.75 14.0 15 0 1.5 0 0 I 3 2 3 0 0 t 3 2 3 0