phatase studies, and basophil counts (4000 cells). Blood was obtained for hemoglobinclassification. Sera were obtained for protein determinations by proteinometer and coppersulfate techniques; A-G ratios and electrophoretic studies in 37 people; and cholesterol and creatinine determinations. Eightirradiated and nine unirradiated people were used in a study of immunological response to tetanus toxoid. The primary stimulus of tetanus toxoid had been given 2! months previously. Sera were obtainedjust prior to the second injection of toxoid and then six days later. Subsequently, tetanus toxin-antitoxin titrations of the sera were obtained for the two groupsin :nice by the methods previously described.® Routine urine analyses were carried out on every- one. Radiochemical analysis. Pooled urines were obtained, plus a few sufficiently large samples from individuals, for radiochemical analyses from both exposed and unexposed groups. Analyses for Cs‘*” and Sr*® were carried out at the Walter Reed ArmyInstitute of Research. Whole-body gamma-ray spectroscopy. Four exposed Rongelap people, two Utirik people, and a comparison Marshallese male accompanied the team to the United States. Whole-body gamma spectroscopy for determining body burdens of gamma emitters was carried out on them at the human radiation detector at Argonne National Laboratory. The counts were made by placing the individuals in a room with 8-in.-thick steel walls and by the use of an 8-in. crystal and 256-channel analyzer.’ RESULTS* Interval History During the past year the general health of the people has beensatisfactory according to Mar- shallese standards with no obvious change from last year. No contagiousdiseases appearedsince the previous report except for a minor epidemic of upper respiratory infections and an undiag- nosed epidemic of acute gastroenteritis principally affecting the children. The latter epidemic was self-limited to two to three days. There were no hospitalizations for major illnesses or injuries. * Unless otherwise stated, the findings are those on the Ron- gelap people. There had been one death among the exposed population and twoinfant deaths.* The death was that of a 46-year-old man whodied of hypertensive heart disease. Details of this case were presented in the two-year survey report.° One infant death wasthe stillbirth of a baby of irradiated parents after a fall of the mother. The secondinfant death (motheronly in the irradiated group) occurred after birth, apparently of a cord infection. Among the unirradiated Rongelap people there had been two miscarriages. Two women were pregnantin the irradiated group andfourin the unirradiated group. During the past year, in the exposed group several of the older people became more feeble but had noserious complaints. The village pastor was too weak to conduct services and complainedof headaches, possibly associated with cataractremoval the previous year. A 78-year-old man with partial hemiplegia from a formercerebral accident still needed a cane. The oldest inhabitant, a woman said to be over 100 years old, though feeble, was quite active for her age. A 12-year-old boy with rheumatic heart disease showed nofurther signs of decompensation but was unable to keep up with other children in their games. A 25year-old man with leprosy showed someevidence of slight healing of the indolent ulcers present on his hands and feet. He did not appear as mentally depressed as last year, presumably because of a more tolerant attitude on the part ofhis fellow people. A 78-year-old man with diabetes* hashis disease controlled by diet. He was mostgratified that his blindness had been partially corrected by surgery and he wasable to get aroundalone. The people were remarkably free from psychosomatic complaints. Complaints could usually be traced to a reasonable organic cause. Many complained of abdominal pain which appeared to be secondary to attacks of acute gastroenteritis. Such attacks are not unusual, since there are nofacil- ities for preservation of food and the climateis conducive to bacterial growth. Someoftheirradiated group complainedthat their hair had been falling out excessively; however, this was not substantiated on physical examination and quite *Since this survey, a death has occurred in a 78-year-old Rongelap man in the exposed group. He was a diabetic of long standing and died from what was diagnosed as coronaryheart disease.