C ODLELD-ENFeteted20 percent) to prevent the kind and degree of coverage of land that is prerequisite to the development of fire storms. Off-street parking should be required on each lot to meet 100 percent of needs. This would provide terminal parking facilities commensurate with the freeway network in the dispersed developmentdistrict and would prevent overcrowding -_— and congestion of buildings in suburban nuclei, with accompanying concentration of target value. A maximum floor-area ratio would prevent excessive bulk of building on any given lot and thus maintain standards of relatively low density of population and floor space in newly developed dispersed areas. The floor-area ratio would vary with the land-use zone, but might not rise higher than 0.4 or 0.5. To reduce building debris in the streets after damage or destruction by blast, a mini- mum depth of front yard, minimum width of side yard abutting depth of rear yard abutting a street could be established at some one-half or two times the height of the building. Also to lessen local zoning ordinances could require that no trees be planted or a street, and minimum figure, such as one and the blocking of streets, retained and noutility > poles be installed or used within somespecified distance of the centerline of pavement of any public roadway except a local residential street or an alley. This setback requirement would then apply to freeways, primary and secondary uncontrolled-access highways, primary and secondary urban thoroughfares, and residential collector streets. Since these two restrictions serve the particular needs of rescue teams as well as the general needs of civil defense for accomplishing emergency clearance and restoration of streets and roads, decontamination,fire fighting, and emergencyrestoration of. essential activities, they might be grouped with measures relating to an undergroundshelter program. The second broad category of nonshelter measures relates to maintaining continuity of vital functions of society: industrial, governmental, financial, and economic. Advance planning for continuity of industrial production relates to stockpiling of materials and equipment, preparation of federal standby programs for allocating scarce materials and equipment, and individual plant, company, and industry programsfor dispersion, protective construction, alternative sources of supply, alternative plants and facilities, and advance plans for repair and reconstruction of damaged plants. Advance planning for continuity of government relates to duplication and dispersed storage of vital records, provision of alternative locations for governmental administration, dispersion of supplies and equipment, protective construction for vital utilities, plans for personnel shelters and evacu- ation, etc. Advance planning for continuity of financial and economic institutions and activities includes maintenance of the supply of money and credit, maintenance of indi- vidual and family incomes, establishment of rationing and of controls on prices, rents, and wages, and compensation for losses due to enemy attack. Since many of these measures must be applied on a uniform national basis, they cannot be initiated by the designers of a metropolitan plan for reduction of vulnerability. When established nationally, however, they could be incorporated into local plans. ORO-R-17 (App B) 91