CONFIDENTIAL
Table 1 summarizes some aspects of the target cities.
these targets affords a rather general representation.
It is apparent that choice of
Three are coastal cities and three are
inland. Thecities vary in size from 350,000 to 2,200,000. Twocities have relative freedom
to move in any direction. Twoare limited to 180-deg movement, and two (for different
reasons) are limited to less than 180-deg possible movement. The principal activities of
the cities also are varied.
TABLE 1
CHARACTERISTICS OF TARGET CITIES
City
Location
Boston
Dayton
Milwaukee
St. Louis
San Francisco
East Coast
Inland
Inland
Inland
West Coast
Washington
East Coast
Population,
Movement
thous
limitations
Predominant activity
2200
350
800
1400
2000
270 deg
None
180 deg
180 deg
Peninsular
Port, diversified industry
Manufacturing
Port, food processing
Manufacturing
Port, petroleum, food processing
1700
None
Government
a
URBAN COMPLEX AS A TARGET
General Population
Of the six targets studied, all but one, the San Francisco Bay area, have a single center
of population, a point at which the explosion of a single weapon could produce more casualties than an explosion at any other point. In the case of Washington at least, there is no
shift in the location of this point from day to night,* although there is a marked increase in
density of population around this point during the working day (see Fig. 1). Figure 2
shows by concentric 4-mile bands [designed to correspond to Federal Civil Defense Administration (Fcpa) zones of A, B, C, and D damage for a 10-Mt weapon with a ground zero
(az) at the Ellipse, near the White House *] the distribution of day and night populations
superimposed on the target area under consideration.
traffic lanes leaving each zone.
This figure also shows the number of
The nighttime (resident) population distributions of the other target areas (Boston,
Dayton, Milwaukee, St. Louis, and San Francisco) are shown in Figs. 3 to 7. The numbers
in the squares represent thousands of residents within units 2000 by 2000 m each. For
each target the centroid of population is indicated.
Since the San Francisco Bay area has
two population clusters (Oakland and San Francisco), which are separated by water, two
population centroids are indicated for this target.
Special Populations
Because of the importance of physicians in the postattack situation, the distribution
of greater Washington area physicians during the day and night was plotted. It was found
that although the density of physicians at the center of the city markedly increased during
the day, this increase was proportional to the general increase in population density, and
as in the population as a whole, there was no shift in the point of highest density from day
to night.
*Daytime population figures were not available to permit similar comparisons within the other targets.
ORO-R-17 (App B)
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