although not of comparable precision and accuracy to the
primary data, were useful in determining the range and
variation of the radiation field.

G.M. Survey Meters - A number of G-M type Radiac Meters
(IM-85/PDR-27F), supplied by NRDL, were used to obtain a

wide coverage of tctal exposure rate data.
These particular
instruments were chosen for their ruggedness and dependability under severe environmental conditions.
Although
these survey meters were calibrated in the laboratory it was
found that the calibration factor was unsuited to environmental radiation half-space geometry.
The instruments
exhibited a considerable energy and angular response when
exposed to different

energy sources

in the laboratory.

as

well as a slight fB-ray response even with the f-ray shield
closed.
For these reasons it was felt that the laboratory

calibration should be discarded in favor of a “field

calibration" against the ionization chamber and spectrometer.
Because of the lack cf sensitivity of G-M tubes to gamma
radiation at the relatively low levels usually encountered,
an individual reading taken with one cf these instruments
was imprecise.
However, the mass of data taken when corrected
using the "field calibration" satisfied the primary purpose
of the instrument which was tc delineate the range of exposure
rates over a given island and the variation from island to
island.

Survey meter readings were made on paths which were cut

through the thick brush cn many of the islands (particularly
on Bikini Island) along lines which ran lengthwise along the

island, across the island or around the perimeter,

50 to 100

ft. inland.
The thickness of the brush dictated where
transects could be iocated and the transects frequently
deviated substantially from straight lines.
The meters were
generally monitored constantly along the transects with
readings recorded about every 50 ft. festimated).
Readings
were taken at about the three foot level, although as expected
for y radiation, there was no significant variation with
height.
Readings were also made next tc any unusual artifacts,
scrap metal, bunkers, or building remains.

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