é
caSac RSeeee
ie OORT Baoktarata ee
seengapeender
oetades Geet Sagirh,
,
ore agvely may have been overestim-
“yge actually be lower.
vari in uramum nuners has been
tip the genera: pcpulation (58).
oy ed PQ onder the WHO classifica- iets, To verily this 20 independent
ccorsa} recently (59) With a few
fs oes cacher relatuve predominance of
aed eeralt
roie of cigarette smoking, As ihe
-akers, i hat been dieu to find a
» - “ahe data, However, in the Intervie anoking does pot account for the
-podttes group identified certain biases
sna
esp miners in the 120-359 CWLM
oe SERBS,
-isutmort for, and extension of, the
ay.) oh tes to the human data, One
yo oy ef Dponchovente carcinoma mM
o Pt foehey personal sarr-munication),
eotrad. The maduction of ‘ung cancer by
root. doubted
Indeed, Yule.
Soy were cttgtive agent in srodecing lug
ow . proud have beer exposing hara“rehters, uranium ore dust, diesel
rece arly resuits (61) show bronchiolar
i> os the groups as yet.
-tar 1.36. 107% Cis) did not modity
-~. vi hatiwise significantly modify the histo-
‘510. simultaneously, This confirras
2 NN i Blake TR artery ag a AA Nw
the
ee eee ree on rR
ii . may or may not be specific to
a
soo
»
che: bard reck miners, fluorspar '
voce. gs taatinany of these. too, showan
o: Harotree are radon and its daughter
Smelt
i ow -
“2: ctune of observation was rather
‘ft: during the period of this review,
i+otradon and its several daughter
ts
Cir
8
NWodipge group o7 eeneu|evine
NOP Line SUEWeYS LO eer is pos 8
boc hesecontributed, Ths coecheson,
wage there is not general agreement
moog
‘
o
;Fe
¥
elgg 6
‘ot
a
7S
0
}
whe
Vouger
wl
wate
Ff
mo
*
Ty
arets wb iy Te ekeheae aE ARS bodeswathas he weba “ttle? Lie * fae aa? chata ARR. ‘saadaudd hdaws,ares
Pye yee CUTAN
ca ed yh
+ wovity the earlier ones sighiuly, out in
,
i
as
LE
TEA TYPE TAPS
24%
plOUueis WU Le Lea idin Or uo PucMoiiciad Of wose Calcujalion. Phese include
.
;
consideration
of , usima the refcasely
lonver-lived nuclides aia
*!°Pb and 214
7!"Po as.
measures of carher co igssure, Tas hictire is down iied is Uae acveral general
Pevie WS chica.
Thoretus! paivriv— The fourth populanen of human exposees with primarily
alrha-porticie exsosire contains a large but diffusely scattered group o f patients
who vecwived thorotas.. @ radhoopague medium used in diaznostuc rocnigeno-
logy, between P9302 and 1930. This colioidal preparation can remain /# sizalmost
indefiraiely. ft contains several tnerium isotopes in low but significant quantity,
whic tax and wene according io the age and treatment of the preparation. A
variety of tumors or soft tissue, particularly of liver and the hematopoietic syster.
have bees auricwiod bo ie presence of chorctrast (68). A siveable population 1s
potedi. iy available for studs caricularly in Northern Eurape, but also in
Portugal, the United S:ates, Japan, and elsewhere.
While there were earlier reports, a meeting sponsored by the International
Atomic Energy Agency end WHO (66) provides a good collection of the cogent
findings to that date. In some populations, e.g., Denmark (67, 68) the toiai
incidence of tumors was not higher in the thcrotrast patients but certain types
of malignancies appeared that were rare in the control group. In others, e-g.,
Portugal (02) a notable feature was the excessive number of leukemias. while in
Japan (70) rrereased incidence of both liver cancer and leukemia and shertening
ofthe Latent pericd appear to be associated with thorotrast depositions. However,
the problems of radiation Cose calculation, the lowspecific activity of thorotrast,
and the relatively low incidence cast doubt on the interpretations except for the
maltgnont vascular nsoplasms that seem to be clearly associated with the
exposiurss. Faber (67) recommends holding off tor a much larger series of cases
han eo de 5 yer diudied (2 0.009- 20,000 vs 1000-2000 in tne studied groun)
and an coservaticon peciod of 25 years. Abbati (71, 72) called for a coordinated
international effort ta reach these goals while the material was still available
Dostraetry has bean difficult, and even separation of radiation from chemical
effects has caas7d cnacern for the validity of the results. The internaticial efert
urged in Vienna has noi materialized. But a few further reports of eilects have
appeared.
Math et al, in 197t (73), summarized clinical examinations of thorotrast
por cate Overcup. on Hombure Sear) oad Frenkfuet c. M. and corrileted rhent
with the tatal bod. burden of 7°8T1(ThHC’), measured by whole body counting,
anc by thocum cavtent efexnired air. The newresults do not orevide 2 hisis for
etter inviklemsy >: dose-response relationships of tumarigenesis. OF ‘he 6000
pode wp ol ots were acived, 70% are alread, deccased and racasurewe
Sods he com di mot coasi'c. 18° 4 cannot be iocuted. while 127) nave
{
TE
Jsamince oo oncaih. A high percentage of thase with RES
hoe bowecs cuthologic values in the Broravlaleiy. test. Miuuh
coabo
fp ate the. 3 paterswith a primary liver tumor.
Ao
iehdis Weis tMiore posiuye for chromosome aberrations in sampies of
;.
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