— . > - Os 6 . ve Me jarger than the dose Co pe asseciated with en averaging of tha equivalent radiation energy over the entire Tung. A nultiplicctive difference of a willien in a cienilicane H's, physical quantity generally suggestsa qualitative difference. ae Suppose, for example, that the problem were to estirate the effects of small projectiles on human organisms. Suppose that the projectiles weigh 1/2 ounce and have a velecity of 1000 ft/sec. Hote that the effect of the projectile depends o2 the energy, and note that a 6 ton vehicle moving at 1 mile per hour has similar energy. There is experience with humans stopping Siow moving yenicies by exerting strenuous counterforces. Using this experience the effect of the projectiles on humans is inferred to be oxidation of-the biological fuel necessary to do the work of stopping the vehicle. But this reasoningg Is manifest nonsense. Even though the cnergies involved are similiar, a fast moving rifle bullet is quite different frei a truck weighing a million times more and moving at a one-thousandth the 7 _ -' velocity. The former dissipates its energy in the local disruption of tissue, the latter leads to the ordered and non injurious oxidation of biological fuel. The end results becene very different as the physical ® .-. : characteristics of the situation change, and a new biological phenomenon os. intercedes. Obviously the way to estimate the effects of rifle bullets is mS either fron past experience that is explicitly applicable, or alternatively, to calculate the effects considering the physical characteristics of the rifle bullet and knowledge of the bioleyical and physical characteristics of the human organism. . This nonsense example has much the same logical structure as the method of estimating hot particles effects set forth in Section 4.6.5 o c ; . WO Ly OS A : . af Age : wd, 2 wget te OE OA RRA ae AS . a il ah 4 nethe STeg +.de ‘ ’ AC, ah ys . : Pa stig> fae pe pegs i ane: see mn oc Somes RRR he Eega 2 ax Md CRN ee Egce a eo