EFFECTIVE ARRIVAL TIME (HOURS)
O
r
6
T
7
T
8
9
TOT
10
Ii
12 13 14
TTT
15 16 1718 1920
TTT
GROUND
Bikar Pe:
ATOLL
00
“370 *OGS0 =
FS
70 oS
10412
Ly.
40
60
Nia
ifs 220RONGERIK
AILINGNAE ATOLL
0 1020
UTIRIK
ATOLL
80
100
120
!
140 160
Lo
ATOLL"
Ld
;
oy
180 200 220 240 260 280 300 320 340
DISTANCE FROM GROUND ZERO (MILES)
Figure 1.
Approximate gamma dose rates (roentgens per hour) at 3 feet above
the ground, one day after the detonation.
From Glasstone (40).
2.
Residual Radiation
To assess potential effects of low-level residual radiation persisting
on Rongelap, Utirik, and Bikini, periodic monitoring of the inhabitants of
these atolls as well as samples of native flora, fauna, soil, and marine life
were performed.
These studies are discussed in Section X and Appendix IL.
E.
Data Evaluation
Reevaluations of dose estimates are planned or under way using more sophisticated technology and computer methods currently available, and it is possible dose estimates may be increased.
In the meantime the dose calculations
previously developed will continue to be used.
While quantitative variations in dose estimates have an obvious impact
on dose/effect correlations, other considerations are equally important in
these studies, especially regarding radiation induction of thyroid neoplasms
(caveats regarding thyroid dose estimates are discussed in Section IX and Ap-
pendix II).
Risk probabilities for development of neoplasms secondary to radiation
have classically been derived for malignant tumors of specific organ systems.