SUGGESTED PROGRAMS FOR THE BIOLOGICAL MONITORING OF ENIWETOK ATOLL BEFORE AND AFTER THE TESTING PROGRAM, WITH A RESURVEY OF BIKINI ATOLL Introduction With the inception of the Atomic Energy Program early in the war and the proposal to construct reactors along the Columbia River in the State of Washington, it became evident that studies were needed to evaluate the problems associated with radiological contamination. In August 1943, the Office of Scientific Research and Development requested the University of Washington to enter into a contract with them to conduct fundamental studies on the effects of radiation upon biotic populations known to inhabit the Columbia River. The University of Washington, following the signing of the contract, established the Applied Fisheries Laboratory and provided the staff, equipment, and materials to conduct the research program. The responsibility of the contract with the Federal Government changed from the Office of Scientific Research and Development to the Manhattan Engineering District and, with the passage of the Atomic Energy Act in 1946, shifted to the Atomic Energy Commission. An additional area of study was added to the research program of the Laboratory in 1946 when the University of Washington, in