10 and feet. Marked improvement wasnotedin the case of an 80-yr-old man whohadsuffered a cerebral accident 2 years previously; much ofthe unilateral paralysis had disappeared. Three other aged exposed people, two females, one supposedly 101 years of age and one 75, and one male 79, were obviously becoming more infirm. Theyrarely left the seclusion of the mats beneath their houses. Only one unexposed person wasin this same age range, a male aged 84 whowasstill able to move about fairly well. In April 1958, after the March survey, a death occurred in a 36-yr-old male from the Ailingnae group, which had received about 69 r of gamma irradiation from thefallout in 1954. He had complained in Marchofepigastric pain, anorexia, and loss of vigor. Physical examination at that time was essentially negative except for epigastric tenderness. A tentative diagnosis of peptic ulcer was made, although it could not be substantiated since x-rays were not available. He improved on an ulcer diet including canned milk. About 3 weekslater, after the survey team hadleft, he be- came acutely ill and was transferred to the Naval Hospital at Kwajalein, where he died the following day. The entire skin and mucous membranes of the mouth were covered with uniocularvesicles and bullae. Autopsy revealed acute bilateral pneumonia of unknownorigin and passive congestion of the liver. A diagnosis of varicella was made. Microscopic examinationofthe skin lesions showedinclusion bodies typical of varicella.* The striking thing aboutthe physical examinations in both the exposed and unexposed people was the relative paucity of findings associated with degenerative diseases, While the group under observationis too small to permit any validstatistical analysis, the clinical impression wasthat diseases such as atherosclerosis and hyptertension were considerably less common and of lesser severity than in a comparable group of our population. Among the 114 people 50 yearsold orless, none had a blood pressure greater than 140/90. Among the 23 persons older than 50 years, 6 had pressures ranging from 160 to 220 systolic and 90 to 110 diastolic, and 2 had systolic elevations of 160 to 170 but diastolic pressures of 75 to 80. The groups were too small for these findings to be *We are grateful to Capt. B.E. Bassham, (MC) USN, for doing the autopsy, and to Dr. $.W. Lippincott and Dr. H.A. Johnson of Brookhaven National Laboratoryfor the histological examination. evaluated relative to American statistics, but it can besaid that theblood pressures do not exceed those commonly found and probably are lower. There was a general feeling that conditions like hernia, varicose veins, hemorrhoids, and vaginal prolapse were much less common than one might anticipate in examining a random group of people of similar age in our society. Oneinteresting finding was a relatively high incidence of kyphosis. While this is commonin older people in our own population, it was particularly striking in the Marshallese, because it appeared to be localized to the lower thoracic and lumbarregion. Fungus infections of the skin, particularly Tenia versicolor, were widespread. Growth and DevelopmentStudies Cross sectional data on height and weight and bone age determinations for the 2- and 3-year surveys gave an impression of lag in growth and developmentin the exposed children compared with unexposed children of the same age. However, in an attemptto obtain more accurate birth dates of the children for the 4-year survey, the ages of someofthe children, previously thought to be well established, were found to be questionable. The absence of recorded birth information seriously complicates the determination of the accuracy of given chronological ages and dates of birth. More definitive evaluation of data will be possible whenverification of birth dates is completed. Detailed geneological and biologicalhistories are being compiled to establish the most probable birth date of each child. (Unfortunately, the 1958 roentgenogramsof the wrist and knee, intended for assessment of osseous maturation, were lost at sea.) In addition to cross sectional studies, longitudinal studies of incremental growth data and bone maturation studies over the period since exposure will be undertaken when the ages of the children are better established. Ophthalmological Examinations Table 2 shows the major ophthalmological findings. Generally the Rongelap people, exposed and unexposed, showed superior vision and accommodation. The majority of disorders were found in the conjunctiva, cornea, andlens. Irritation of the eyes from bright tropical sunlight and exposure to coral dust probably play a part in the high incidence of conjunctival and cornealdefects.