Table 2 Major Diagnoses Essential hypertension * Arteriosclerotic heart disease Cerebral arteriosclerosis Bronchiectasis Utirik Exposed Rongelap No. cases Percent No. cases Percent No. cases Percent 1 Oe Diagnosis Unexposed Rongelap Emphysema 11 3 1 1 Cancer Tertiary syphilis Primary yaws Pulmonary tuberculosis G.I. parasites Congenital abnormalities (all types) I 8 Asthma Osteoarthritis Rheumatic heart disease 7 95 Total examined 13 2 6 1 10 2** I l 9 2 4 i 7 2 1 i 1 13 4 8 i 9 3 3 144 7 7 1 1 l 1 1 1 10 11 5 2 5 2 93 *Defined as systolic 140 mm Hg ordiastolic 100 mm Hg. **Orbital tumor, type unknown; basalcell skin carcinoma. Table 3 Congenital Abnormalities Diagnosis Umbilical hernia Shortening 5th finger Shortening 5th metacarpal Absence carpal bones Polydactylism Flexion deformity finger Congenital deformity leg Anomaly feet Palatal anomaly Tonguetied Asymmetry of face Thyroglossal cyst Cretin (athyreatic) Congenital nystagmus Pigmentation cornea Absencetesticle Adrenogenital syndrome Congenital heart disease No.in radiated No.in Utirik 1 6 1 group 3 1 1 1 2 group 1 sented for the irradiated Rongelap children and the unirradiated Marshallese children. (The Utirik children are included in the unirradiated group.) Table 4 shows the mean height and weight for the exposed and unexposed children of different ages. The mean values for the weight and height, for the most part, were slightly lower in the exposed children, male and female, from about 4 through about10 years of age. The num- bers of children are too small for satisfactory statistical analysis. Recently a carefully standard- ized series of studies of the left wrist (which has 1 1 been found to be a reliable index of skeletal age) in children of various ages has been published.* All x-rays of the wrists of the Marshallese children were comparedto this standard,* which was obtained from studies of white American children of Northern Europeanextraction. In Figure 4 the bone ages of the Marshallese are compared with the published standards. General retardation may be noted in skeletal maturation in the irradiated *Weare indebted to Dr. Leo Lusted of the National Institutes of Health for analyzing the x-rays for bone development.