possibly wasrelated to their previous dramatic experience with epilation. The Marshallese appeared to haveverylittle neurosis or psychosis. One young manin the unirradiated group had been diagnosed as having schizophrenia but only occasionally did he cause trouble. The living conditions of the people weresatis- factorv. They were furnished sufficient food and their quarters were comfortable. The second phase of the survey at Utirik Island showedthat the general health of the Utirik people appeared to have been good during the previ- ous three years. There had beenfive deathsin the group. The causes of the deaths could not be ascertained because ofthe inexperienceof the health aides. As with manyother reports of death in the Marshallese records, the cause “old age” was about all that could be obtained. Physical Findings The people both in the exposed and in the unexposed groups appearedto be generally in good physical condition and in satisfactorystate of nutrition. In Table ! are listed the average values with standard deviations of height and weight of individuals from age 20 to 50 (including the Utirik group). A somewhatgreater weight of the Utirik female is significant (Utirik versus unirradiated Rongelap, P<(0.05). The cause for this difference is not apparent. The low standard deviation of heights for both sexes suggests considerable homogeneity in these populations. Height and weight in the children will be described below under growth and developmentstudies. In Table 2 are listed the major diagnosesforall these groups. In general, no diseases appear to be associated with radiation exposurein the Rongelap people. Major diseases are as prevalent in the unirradiated group asin the irradiated group. No increase in degenerative diseases and no malignancyin the irradiated Rongelap people wasevident. Extensive dental caries was present in all the Marshallese, related largely to poor oral hygiene. The incidence of congenital abnormalities (Table 2) seems unusually high. The exact nature of the abnormalitiesis listed in Table 3, Only in the case of congenital shortening of the fifth metacarpal was a definite familial pattern apparent. With only these four cases, however, the 960 i201 Table 1 Mean Height and Weight in Adults (20 to 50 years old) Height,in. Males Rongelap 63.4+2.8 Utirik 63.92.1 Unexposed Rongelap Weight, lb 1374158 64.1+1.8 140+22.9 Rongelap 59.5415 114418 Utirik 59.6+1.7 132221 Females Unexposed Rongelap 60.0+#2.2 1374195 Lil+24 mannerof inheritance was not clear except that it is not a simple Mendelian dominant. Of general interest was the absence of peptic ulcer. The director of the hospital at Majurofelt that peptic ulcer was almost unknown in the Marshallese. Comparedto an incidence throughoutlife in the American populace estimated at 6%, this is an unusual finding. Perhapsthe tranquil life without responsibilities and without the pressures of modern living exerts a favorable influence in this regard. Landis the only real wealth in these islands, and a complex system of matrilineal inheritance engendersfeelings of security, since every Marshallese is assured rights to enough landto provide adequate food.* Electrocardiograms were taken on individuals for whom it appeared indicated and on all persons over the age of 40. Results showed an unsuspected stereotype among tracings other than those called abnormal - more so than one would expectto see in as random a sampling in the U.S.; and a general age appearanceofthe normal tracings younger than expected. From the magnitude and direction of the T vector one would expect most of these people to be 30 to 40 years of age, and none of them seemed elderly.* The young appearance of the ECG’sis in contrast to the physical impression that these people age quickly. Growth and Development Longitudinalstudies of anthropometric data have not been completely analyzed and will not be presentedat this time. Cross-sectional data for height, weight, and bone development are pre- *Dr. Robert Grant of the National Institutes of Health generously interpreted the tracings.