6 phatase studies, and basophil counts (4000 cells). Blood was obtained for hemoglobin classification. Sera were obtained for protein determinations by proteinometer and coppersulfate techniques; A-G ratios and electrophoretic studies in 37 peo- ple; and cholesterol and creatinine determinations. Eight irradiated and nine unirradiated people were used in a study of immunological response to tetanus toxoid. The primary stimulusof tetanus toxoid had been given 242 monthspreviously. Sera were obtained just prior to the second injection of toxoid and then six days later. Subsequently, tetanus toxin-antitoxin titrations of the sera were obtained for the two groups in mice by the methods previously described.°® Routine urine analyses were carried out on everyone. Radiochemical analysts. Pooled urines were ob- tained, plus a fewsufficiently large samples from individuals, for radiochemical analyses from both exposed and unexposed groups. Analyses for Cs!*" and Sr®® were carried out at the Walter Reed Army Institute of Research. Whole-body gamma-ray spectroscopy. Four exposed Rongelap people, two Utirik people, and a comparison Marshallese male accompanied the team to the United States. Whole-body gamma spectroscopy for determining body burdens of gamma emitters was carried out on them at the human radiation detector at Argonne National Laboratory. The counts were made by placing theindividuals in a room with 8-in.-thick steel walls and by the use of an 8-in. crystal and 256-channel analyzer.* RESULTS* Interval History During the past year the general health of the people has been satisfactory according to Marshallese standards with no obvious change from last year. No contagious diseases appeared since the previous report except for a minor epidemic of upper respiratory infections and an undiagnosed epidemic of acute gastroenteritis principally affecting the children. The latter epidemic was self-limited to two to three days. There were no There had been one death among the exposed population and two infant deaths.* The death was that of a 46-year-old man who died of hypertensive heart disease. Details of this case were presented in the two-year survey report.” Oneinfant death wasthestillbirth of a baby of irradiated parentsafter a fall of the mother. The secondinfant death (motheronly in the irradiated group) occurred after birth, apparently of a cord infection. Amongthe unirradiated Rongelap people there had been two miscarriages. Two women were pregnantin the irradiated group and four in the unirradiated group. During the past year, in the exposed group several of the older people became more feeble but had noserious complaints. The village pastor was too weak to conduct services and complained of headaches, possibly associated with cataractremoval the previous year. A 78-year-old man with partial hemiplegia from a former cerebral acci- dentstill needed a cane. The oldest inhabitant, a womansaid to be over 100 years old, though feeble, was quite active for her age. A 12-year-old boy with rheumatic heart disease showed nofurther signs of decompensation but was unable to keep up with other children in their games. A 25- year-old man with leprosy showed some evidence of slight healing of the indolent ulcers present on his hands and feet. He did not appear as mentally depressed as last year, presumably becauseof a moretolerant attitude on the part of his fellow people. A 78-year-old man with diabetes* hashis disease controlled by diet. He was mostgratified that his blindness had been partially corrected by surgery and he was able to get around alone. The people were remarkably free from psychosomatic complaints. Complaints could usually be traced to a reasonable organic cause. Many complained of abdominal pain which appearedto be secondaryto attacks of acute gastroenteritis. Such attacks are not unusual, since there are no facil- ities for preservation of food and the climate is conducive to bacterial growth. Someof their- radiated group complainedthat their hair had been falling out excessively; however, this was not substantiated on physical examination and quite hospitalizations for majorillnesses or injuries. *Unless otherwise stated, the findings are those on the Ron- ee on on cD aae, en CF gelap people. *Since this survey, a death has occurred in a 78-vear-old Rongelap man in the exposed group. He was a diabetic of long standing and died from what was diagnosed as coronary heart disease.