4 i 4 io 5 ll ' The exposure of individuals to neutrons can be estimated by using computer- assisted calculational techniques to ascertain the interactions of neutrons with the environment as they move from the point of detonation to the locale of interest. The neutron output of the nuclear device itself can be determined from calculations made by the DoE weapons design laboratories, Additionally, for many of the devices tested, these calculations of neutron output can be verified by records of experimental measurements of the neutron fluence at varying distances from the detonation. Given the neutron output, computers are used to model environmental interactions as the neutrons move through the atmosphere and as they are affected by the ground-air interface. An example can be cited to show the results of a neutron calculation. During the preparation for Shot SMOKY, Task Force WARRIOR participants observed Shot DOPPLER (11 kilotons) from ground zero, from trenches about 2900 yards The neutron fluence in the trenches was calculated, and application of an average quality factor produced a neutron dose of 0.23 rem to individuals. In the special case of the officer volunteers, who were closer to ground zero at the time of detonation than any other participants, prompt neutron dosages may have been higher than discussed above. Officer volunteers participated in Shots NANCY (March 1953), BADGER (April 1953), SIMON (April 1953), and APPLE II (May 1955) at ranges of 2,000-2,600 yards from ground zero. in trenches located Officer volunteers also participated in Shot JOHN (July 1957), a low-yield, high-altitude shot, from an open position on the ground below the detonation. Detailed calculations of neutron exposures to officer volunteers are currently wnAnrunay np