compartment's to... dose rate.
Radiological Environment. This study was to document the radiological
environment resulting from underwater nuclear detonations. The gross gam-~ma fields from shots Wahoo and Umbrella were defined by means of GITR
instrumentation located on coracle platforms, as well as on the major target
ships.

These measurements were supplemented by those of total gamma

dose made with floating film packs located throughout the target array.

In-

cremental collections of radioactive material deposited from the resultant

base surge and cloud permitted resolution of the gross gamma fields into

initial, free-field, and residual doses and dose rates. Underwater probes
were used to obtain information on radiation from radioactive materials suspended in the water.

For Wahoo and Umbrella, it was found that nearly all the total gamma

dose occurred within 15 min after zero time and was due to the passage of

air-borne radioactive material.

However, the records of gamma dose rate

versus time obtained from the two shots show pronounced and characteristic

differences in the transiting gamma fields. Gamma doses in excess of 100
r occurred within the first 15 min at downwind distances of less than 16,500
ft for Wahoo and 11,000 ft for Umbrella, On both shots the dosage due to

deposited radioactive material on the ships and coracles was from light to
insignificant. A study of the downwind gamma data showed that a distance
of approximately 23,000 to 28,000 ft from surface zero should be maintained
in order to assure a total free-field dose of less than 25 r.
High Altitude Shot, Yucca

Neutron flux and gamma radiation measurements for the Johnston Is-

land part of the Operation are covered in the summary pertaining to Teak

and Orange.

Measurements of the neutron flux spectrum.and total prompt
ma
ray flux resulting from the detonation of shot Yicce, BR al-

titude of approximately 90,000 ft were planned.
measurements were to have been made with an
detector, from which determination of the energy

could be made.

A similar detector, using

Neutron

spectra o

e-of-flight

.
2D

neutrons

yrs included

to provide correction data for the gamma responge of the detector. Two
types of gamma detectors were used: (1) A
detector, (2)

a recording ground station.

subsequently telemetered to
The instrumentation was contained in a canister

suspended 2,750 ft below the nuclear device by means of a nylon Hne. Due
to failure of the command transmitter, which controlled the canister operational
functions, the instrumentation was inactive at zero time, and no data were
obtained.

Projects Participating during Developmental Shots
Neutron Flux Measurements.

This was a program to document the

neutron flux and spectrum as a function of distance for two shots in the
) To achieve this objective, the project participated during
shots Yellowwood and Walnut. The measurements were extended during the
28

gm
AFWL/HO

Select target paragraph3