these tissues.
Th:3 energy produces
the molecule of the cells;
chemical changes in
for example,
change could be a mutation in a cene.
such a chemical
The radiation dose
is actually a measure of the energy transferred to or
absorbed by the tissue.
rad
The basic unit of dose is the
(one rad represents the absorption of 100 ergs of
energy per gram of material).
In addition to X-rays,
radionuclides emit gamma rays
(high energy X-rays), beta particles
particles
(helium nuclei).
(electrons),
and alpha
In radiobiological experiments,
it was determined that, while these various types of radiation
produced the same bioloaical effects,
such as cancer,
magnitude of the erfect was not the same per rad.
example,
it was found that 100
the
For
rad of alpha radiation would
produce roughly 10 times as many cancers as 100 rad of
X-rays.
Moreover,
it was
found
that because of
the special
vay in which Pu-239 deposits in the bone, its alpha particles
were 5
times more effective in producing bone cancer than the
alpha particles
from radium’,
To account for these differences
in the magnitude of the observed effects at the
same absorbed
dose in rad, the maximum permissible dose limits are given
in rem rather than rad.
The MPLD is given in rem in Tables I and II.
17/
ICRP Publication 11,
the Tissues
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ps
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yr.
: a
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oo be
ce
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ba
in Bone,"
The
"A Review of the Radiosensitivity of
Pergamon Press,
New York, N.
Y.,
1967,
p.
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