| a | i RADIATION STANDARDS, INCLUDING FALLOUT 291 only 4 indicated they give no formal instruction in radiation protection, and 2 of these have plans underway for such a course. The average number of hours of education in radiation safety given to medical students is 4.4. Paramedical personnel (X-ray technicians, nurses, etc.) are required to take from 1 to 10 hours of study in this specific area. Many schools have a continuing program of informal instruction on new developments for their house staff. Nearly all of the schools use slides from their own collections or those available from the American College of Radiclogy. A majority also use movies from several sources such as: The ACR film “Radiation: Physician and Patient’; a U.S. Navy film, “Radiation Safety in Nuclear Medicine”; and films from the Department of Defense. Of the responding schools, 45 indicated an average increase in the hours devoted to instruction in radiation safety, protection, and control of over 50 percent, within the past 5 years. There were no schools showing a decrease, <A tabulation of this survey is given in table C. The American College of Radiology motion picture entitled “Radiation: Physician and Patient,” has been used extensively in educating groups about safety, ‘protection, and control of ionizing radiation. From October of 1958 to March of ‘1962, the Eastman Kodak Co. has sent out 431 prints of this picture. These prints were used in 453 showings before a total audience of 22,932. The Division of Radiological Health of the Public Health Service has shipped out prints of the film 325 times since September of 1959, and for the most part, each booking constituted multiple showings. They have estimated that “the film must have been shown at least 500 to 600 times, with an average audience of 50 per showing. ‘This would give an average total andience of 27,500. In addition, the American Medical Association also books this film. They have indicated a total numberof showings to date of 356. Based on the average audience of 50, estimated by the Public Health Service, this would result in a figure of 17,800. The cumulative ‘professional audience total from all three booking sources is 68,232. A check of the indexes of the Journal of the American Medical Association shows that during the period of January 1957 to March 1962 there were 218 articles published dealing with radiation control, protection, and safety. The previous 5-year issues, 1952-57, contained only 116 articles on the same subject. ‘There was an 88-percent increase in the past 5 years over the earlier period. The American Journal of Roentgenology, Radium Therapy, and Nuclear Medi- Dental Use of X-Rays With Control of Radiation Hazards.” Since its initial printing in 1959, 225,000 copies have been distributed in North America. In addition, 22,000 copies published in Spanish and 4,000 in Portuguese have been distributed, primarily to Latin American countries. A large percentage of the medical schools queried have indicated that they make use of the American College of Radiology slide series on radiation protection. ; Since 1958 nearly 600 sets of these slides have been sold. In addition, the American College of Radiology provides a radiation protection kit containing much factual information regarding radiation protection, safety and control. From January of 1960 to date nearly 1,400 of these protection kits have been ‘mailed out to radiologists. Other medical groups have shown great interest in the promotion of radiation safety and protection. Examples are furnished by the actions of the Academy of Pediatrics in discouraging conventional fluorscopy of infants and children by their members, the published statements of policy by the American Thoracic Society and the Academy of Gynecology, and the preparation of a manual of radiation protection by the Academy of Dermatology. The educational program for the training of radiation health specialists has received a great impetus from the support of the Radiological Health Division of ‘the U.S. Public Health Service. This program, aimed primarily at producing ; ‘ a 4 ; ; j i tA gt cine during the years 1952 through 1956 published 137 articles dealing with radiation protection and hazards. During the years 1957 through 1961, they published 160. This is an increase of 16.8 percent. A breakdown of the types and number of articles by years is shown in table D. During the years 1952 through 1956, there were 236 articles on radiation pro‘tection, safety, and control published in Radiology, the journal of the Radiological Society of North America. These articles consisted of 188 abstracts of current literature and 48 articles and news notes. In the succeeding 5 years, 195761, a total of 308 were published. These are broken down into 211 abstracts and ‘97 articles and news notes. The last 5 years shows an increase of 30.5 percent over the 1952-56 period. The American College of Radiology has published a pamphlet dealing with radiation safety and protection entitled “A Practical Manual on the Medical and