1.2 x 1076
1.8 x 107?
8.0 x 1076
1.0 x 1075
5.0 x 1075
7.8 x 1078
1.1 x 1077
9.7 x 1077
2.5 x 1076
1.1 x 1074
4.7 x 1077
2.0 x 1075
1 uci
per chicken
per day
for 2 weeks
1,8 x 107%
The potential problem of plutonium recycling is alsc noted in Figure 1.
Slaughterhouse wastes, such as blood and bone meal, and animal wastes,
such as cattle and poultry manures, can be recycled and included in the
ruminant diet, Under certain conditions this process might reintroduce
contaminated material into a rather short transport system, While grain is
most frequently fed as a supplement, the above mentioned waste products
have already been used on a limited scale. In the case of poultry feeding,
grains contribute readily digestible starches while such substances as
soybean meal and animal by-products (meat and bone meal) have been added to
enhance protein quality.
In assessing potential problems due to recycled
feed materials, it should be remembered that the specific ration components
{given to most domestic animals) are affected by various economic factors,
Due to changing feed and produce prices, alterations in feed composition are
continually made to achieve the most desirable, and ultimately the most profitable ration,
Pu dioxide
per chicken
per day
for 2 weeks
2.2 x 1079
Lo yci
Pu citrate
4.0 x 1072
7.3 x 10™%
of Muscle
of Liver
Egg Yolk at
Peak Conc.
Eggs at
Peak Conc.
in Liver
% of
Total
Dose/g
% of
Total
Dose/g
% of Total
Dese
Dose/g of
% of Daily
% of Daily
Dose in
Plutonium
Dose
If studies are conducted to evaluate the effects of nutritional status on
plutonium uptake, adaptive homeostatic mechanisms must be considered.
The close association of plutonium and iron metabolism has already been
mentioned and it should be remembered that a change in the percentage of
intestinal absorption ts one way animals maintain homeostatic control over
dron (Miller, 1975),
Some investigations on iron absorption are concentrating
on an intracellular protein, the synthesis af which increases under conditions
of iron deficiency (Forth and Rummel, 1973),
30
12
30
12
I.
Metabolism of Americium in Dairy Animals.
Both americium and plutonium are deposited extensively in the skeleton and
liver but differences, primarily in liver concentration, have been noted,
Furthermore, americium appears to be more rapidly removed than plutonium
from the plasma following intravenous injection,
10
10
10
A series of investigations will be conducted to determine the biological
transport of americium-241 in ruminants,
Emphasis will be placed on
nuclide transfer to those animal products sold for human consumption,
10
Sacrifice
Time
(days posttreatment)
FUTURE PLANS
Number of
Chickens
TRANSPORT OF ORALLY-INGESTED PLUTONIUM TO
EGGS, LIVER AND SKELETAL MUSCLE IN CHICKENS
TABLE V
Confusion sometimes arises when such terms as biclogical availability are
employed and in many cases there is no easily referenced definition.
In
pharmacological studies, biological availability ultimately describes the
extent to which a chemical, at effective concentrations, reaches appropriate
receptor sites,
In the context of plutonium absorption from in vivo
contaminated food, biological availability concerns relative uptake and its
expression would primarily depend on the quantity of plutonium recovered
in the tissues at time of sacrifice. Therefore, since availability is a
relative concept, it is important to use at least two, possibly three,
groups of experimental animals. One group of animals would receive the
tn vivo plutonium labeled material (milk, liver, eggs, etc.) and another
group might receive tn vitro plutonium labeled material at approximately
the same dosing concentration, However, a third group of animals that
received plutonium nitrate via capsule, at the same total dose, would
also be beneficial as a modified control group and comparisons could readily
be made with previously reported gastrointestinal uptake values.
445