Table | Summary of Marshallese Populations ExaminedSince 1954 Group No.in group Series CoMPARISON POPULATIONS 1954 April 1956 Majuro Rita 115 (adults and children) 57 oon " 1958 Rongelap 170 1957 1964 Rongelap 100 Rongelap " on " 170 (age >10 only) " 700-817 1000-1082 801-900 801-970 801-1058 ExPosED POPULATIONS Rongelap (175 r) Ailingnae (70 r) American servicemen Utirik (14 r) 67 (includes 3 in uéero; annual exams) 19 (includes 1 i utero; annual exams) 28 (examined 1954 only) 157 (examined every 3 to 4 years) 1-86 t-86 401-428 2101-2257 UNEXPOSED CHILDREN (<_ 10 YEARS AS OF 1964) Rongelap & Ailingnae 45 (exposed parents) Utirik 20 (exposed parents) Rongelap 73 (unexposed parents) 87-136 801-1058 2258-2278 as in the previous surveys, a visit was made to Kwajalein and Majuro Atolls for examination of a number of Rongelap people, nowresiding at these atolls, and also groups of children whorepresent part of the control group used for the growth and’ developmentstudies of the exposed children. Table 1 lists the various populations that have been examinedsince 1954. Duringthe first 24 to 48 hr after exposure, about *% of the Rongelap people experienced anorexia and nausea. A few vomited and had diarrhea. In appendix 10 the individual histories of nausea and vomiting are tabulated. Many also experienced itching and burningofthe skin, and a few complained of lachrymation and burningofthe eyes. Following this, the people remained asymp- becomingincreasingly voluminous. Since conditions have not been favorable for performanceof when cutaneouslesions andloss of hair developed, due largely to beta irradiation of the skin. It was apparent whenthe people were first examined, a few days after exposure, that the lymphocytes were considerably depressed and thatsignificant doses of radiation had probably been received. In addition to the whole-body dose of radiation and The accumulation of data from these surveysis extensive statistical analyses or use of electronic computing proceduresto store and manipulate the data, the annual survey reports published bythis Laboratory are made as complete as possible. This report, therefore, includes a considerable amount of raw data, much of it in appendices, so that others may have an opportunity to makefurther calculationsif desired. Summary of Past Findings Reports have been published on the findings of surveys madeat the following times after exposure: initial examination,’ 6 months,’ I year,’ 2 years,’ 3 years,’ 4 years,® 5 and 6 years,’ 7 years® and 8 years.® The following is a brief summary of the findings previously reported. 5600185 tomatic until about 2 weeks after the accident, the beta irradiation of the skin, radiochemical an- alyses of the urine showed that measurable amountsof radioactive materia! had also been absorbed internally. The effects of the radiation can best be summarized under three headings according to the mode of exposure: penetrating irradiation, skin irradiation, and internalirradiation. PENETRATING RADIATION Oneofthe earliest findings indicative of signifi- cant exposure in these people was lowering of