+1 progress, including chromosome counts, enumeration of aberrations, and karyotype analysis by paste-ups of photographs. A few dicentric chromosomes and certain other aberrations have been noted in the examined group, but insufficient control material has been analyzed for any positive statements to be madeatthis time. Diabetic Survey. Based on blood sugar deter- minations as part of the routine urine analyses and fasting blood sugar determinations, it was found that 6 people had a diabetic tendency. The following had elevated fasting blood sugars (mg %): No, 853, 247; No. 893, 279; No. 936, 187; No. 991, 248; No. 1042, 180; No. 835 had a 3+ urine sugar but no blood sugar determination was done. As has been noted, the incidence of diabetesis fairly high in the Marshallese. It is, however, of the type that develops in older people since no ' cases have been seen in younger people. Serological Studies. Protein Bounpb IopIne DETERMINATIONS. Protein bound iodine levels were determined in several groups of people during the past two surveys. The groups included 9 food, etc.). A difference between the medical team who had only been in the Islands a few weeks and the Americans who hadresided there for atleast a year 1s probably notsignificant. It is anticipated that this aspect of the problem will be further investigated on the next survey. . Fo.ic Acip DETERMINATIONS. Folic acid levels were belowor in the low range of normalin 29% of the 129 Rongelap people tested. Fifteen percent were below 4 myug/ml and 16% in the borderline range of 4 to 7 mug/ml. The unexposed com- parison population hadslightly lower values than the exposed population. The generally low level of these Island people is attributed to a dietary deficiency of foods containingfolic acid, mainly leafy vegetables. The levels were not sufficiently low to result in any hematological changes or ap- parentclinical effects. The individual valuesfor folic acid are presented in Appendix 17. Tue Ac System. The following statements were made by Dr. B.S. Blumberg*: ‘‘The sera of patients who have received multiple transfusions may contain antibodies against normal human Marshallese living on Rongelap Atoll, 8 Marshal- serum components.'* The first example of such antibodies was reported in a patient (C.deB.) who who had beenresiding in the Marshall Islands for at least a year. The results are presented in Table ofa refractory anemia of unknown etiology.'’ By means of the Ouchterlony double-diffusion technique, it was shownthat the antibody formeda precipitin with 55% of normal U.S. white and Negro sera. By twin, family, and population stud- ment to be made, the lower levels of the Marshal- 7 leseliving on Ebeye Island (Kwajalein Atoll), 10 members of the medical team, and 7 Americans 21, Again the Marshallese values are higher than the Caucasian values. Though the number of samples involved is too small for any positive state- lese living on Ebeye may have some meaning, since their environment is quite different from that of the Rongelap residents (more westernized in had received 50 transfusions for the treatment les'" 1h it was shown that the presence or absence “Associate Director for Clinical Research, Institute for Cancer Research, Philadelphia, Pa, Table 22 Serum Tests Antisera reactors C.deB. Population Location Total No. Mcronesian U.S. White U.S. Negro Greek Quechua Indian Rongelap Atoll Maryland Georgia Greece Peru South Dakota 18? 120 149 203 102 143 Sioux Indian ™~ Hy ' 5000324 New York % Pas. 98 59 68 72 70 91 Total No. 181 120 149 203 102 143 % Pos. 38 97 99 . 93 86 78