sonnel monitoring activities were required for contemporary dose assessments, and are not related to the acute high-level doses which may have caused the medical problems at Rongelap and Utirik. Also, the need to provide these services for a growing number of Bikini residents had developed, and a similar need for was anticipated in connection with the impending return of the Enewetak people. Neither of these populations was affected by acute high-level radiation. The years 1977 and 1978 were decisive in the revelation of unexpectedly high cesium body burdens among the Bikinians. Followup monitoring is continuing in order to record the decline in their body burdens since they left Bikini in 1978. These activities are seen as continuing indefinitely on behalf of the residents of Rongelap and Utirik, as well as for the newly added populations of Enewetak and Ujelang. The Bikini people may continue to be routinely monitored pending the outcome of negotiations on a temporary residence program on Eneu Island. Baseline personnel monitoring was conducted early this year on the peo- ple of Enewetak Atoll, most of whom had been living for the past 33 years on Ujelang. The population mean body burden for Cs-13?7 is currently about ten times “background”.* This discovery, though not signficant in terms of con- temporary doses and dose commitments, is proof of at lest one fallout contamination episode at Ujelang during the testing period. As a result, serious consideration should be given to the inclusion of personnel monitoring at other populated atolls for which medical services will be offered under P.L. 96-205. C. Control Data The recent incidence of thyroid pathology at Utirik, and the allegations of similar problems at Likiep and other atolls have demonstrated the need for the compilation of control statistics and normal incidence levels for radiation-related disease and for medical and radiological parameters in the Marshall Islands. Preliminary discussions between BNL Medical and MIRSP personnel began in 1977 to consider the establishment of a “control atoll” from which the required statistical data could be derived and continuously updated. Such a strategy would probably be practical under P.L. 96-205. Short of this, it is deemed essential to the MIRSP that we develop a radiological control data base as soon as possible. The data required for accurate asssessment of the personnel dose contributions from the Pacific testing activities are: (1) means and ranges of fallout nuclide body burdens and excretion rates for Marshallese who have not been affected by tropospheric fallout, and (2) anthropometric and metabolic statistics from which Marshallese “reference man, woman and child” data could be constructed. Some progress has been made in this latter area in cooperation with the Medical Program. *Background body burdens for fallout radionuclides among the Marshallese are yet to be rigorously defined; however, a sampling of Majuro residents who never lived in the Northern Marshalls demonstrated cesium body burdens of 2 to 3 nCi in 1979.