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islands is very low (in fact, lower than most locations in the continental
United States), any "hot spots" indicative of contaminated scrap metal or debris
would readily stand out in the aerial survey.
A few isolated hot spots were in
fact observed for the southern islands and they were found to be due to radio-
active sources which were subsequently removed.
One hot spot on Medren (Elmer)
was suspected of being a radioactive waste burial site; however, extensive
soil sampling in the area failed to reveal the presence of any significant
quantities of contaminated soil or scrap. Based on the aerial survey, and
prior knowledge of where nuclear-weapon tests were conducted and their
resulting fallout patterns, it is reasonable to conclude that the likelihood of any contaminated scrap metal or debris being on the southern islands
is minimal.
Cleanup, therefore, will plan to search for contaminated scrap
metal and debris only in the northern islands as listed in Enclosure 1.
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°2. The contaminated scrap metal and debris at Enewetak Atoll which was
identified as part of the AEC Survey, (Reference 2, pgs 372-426) was
* located during a brief two~week period in 1972 by monitors from the Environmental Protection Agency working under the direction of the AEC.
This search
for contaminated scrap metal and debris was limited to a ground survey for
gamma contamination (alpha and beta contamination were not sought) present on
the 11 islands which had either surface ground zeros or heavy, close-in fallout.
Structures and scrap metal which were on the surface, visible and accessible were
inspected, but no attempt was made to search for structures not shown on as-built
drawings. The aerial survey was of little use in pin pointing the location of
hidden contaminated debris in the northern islands because of the generally higher
overall level of contamination--hot spots did not stand out above background.
Even though about 400 items of debris are reported (Reference 3) for the 117
islands, only about 190 items were radiologically surveyed. Moreover, the
_ ground survey only reported a single gamma exposure rate (presumably the highest)
for the general area of items which were monitored. For example, a “scattered
junkpile” on Bokoluo (Alice) is given a value of 120 yR/hr and without any
indication as to the quantity of junk which gives that exposure rate.
Cleanup,
therefore, will require a morethorough radiological inspection of the orthern
islands than has been accomplished here-to-fore.
_—
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1. The EIS expresses the AEC Task Group philosophy that materials which migh
be used by people in place or removed for use elsewhere are of concern.
Specifically, Cleanup should minimize the possibility that radioactive scrap
metal or debris is left after Cleanup, as it might be used and cause harm.
Since there are post-Cleanup contraints on the use_.of_“contaminated” organic
materials (plants and animals) until they become "clean" by natural radio-
active decay or by other processes, the Cleanup materials available for
differentiation (contaminated or noncontaminated) are only metal and concrete.
These items will henceforth collectively be called "debris" and the identi-
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fication, collection and disposal of such debris will be called ° ‘debris
cleanup."
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