2
thus necessary to estimate the cumulative

gammadose by indirect means.

In calculating the dose, it has been as-

sumed that the daily fallout is deposited

uniformly on an infinite smooth plane,
where it remainsto infinite time. The integrated infinite dose for each daily fallout is calculated from the measured beta

Table 1. Fallout at stations outside continental United States, October 1952 to September
1955. Stations that have not sampled continuously since October 1952 are indicated by

an asterisk.

Station
1. Anchorage, Alaska

2.
3.
+,
5.
6.
7.

Edmonton, Alberta
Regina, Saskatchewan
Winnipeg, Manitoba
Churchill, Manitoba
Moosoonee, Ontario
North Bay, Ontario

8. Ottawa. Ontario
9. Montreal, Quebec
10. Seven Islands, Quebec

lt, Moncton, New Brunswick
12. Goose Bay, Labrador*

13. Stephenville, Newfoundland

14. Thule, Greenland
15. Keflavik, Iceland

16. San Juan, Puerto Rico*
17. Bermuda
18. Mexico City, Mexico

Mixedfission
products

Strontium-90
/mni2)

62

2.7

(mc/mi?)
78
82
95
50
67
100

110
110
84
83
160

120
50
92

(me/mi
2.8
3.0
3.6
9
2.8
3.1

3.4
4.0
3.3

3.7
4.0

4.3

2.0
2.9

Gamma
dose
(mrad )

6.5

7.6
9.3
14
4.1
12
12

12
13
12

10
13

18

3.6
8.1

100
96
110

3.9
4.6
5.1

14
19
22

89
50
51

4.1
2.6
2.6

15
10
10

24. La Paz, Bolivia
25. Belem, Brazil

92
74

4.2
3.4

27, Buenos Aires, Argentina

60

2.8

19. San Jose, Costa Rica

20. Panama Canal Zone
21. Bogota, Colombia
22, Quito, Ecuador

23. Lima, Peru

26. Sao Paulo, Brazil

28. Prestwick, Scotland

29.
30.
31.
32.

63

50

53

87

Oslo, Norway*
Rhein Main, Germany
Sidi Slimane, Morocco*
Tripoli, Libya

56
100
64
83

34, Lagos, Nigeria*
35. Leopoldville, Belgian Congo*
36. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia*

33. Dakar, French West Africa

37. Pretoria, Union of South Africa
38. Durban, Union of South Africa*

39. Colombo, Ceylon*
40. Singapore, Malaya*
41. Misawa, Japan*

42.
43.
44.
45.
46.
47.
48.
49.
50.
51.
52.
53.
54.

Tokyo, Japan*
Hiroshima, Japan
Nagasaki, Japan*
Kadena, Okinawa*
Taipei, Taiwan*
Manila, Philippine Islands*
Iwo Jima*
Yap, Caroline Islands*
Guam, Caroline Islands
Truk, Caroline Islands*
Ponape, Caroline Islands*
Wake Island*
Noumea, New Caledonia*

55, Sydney, Australia*

56. Melbourne, Australia*

57. Wellington, New Zealand*
58. Honolulu, Hawaii

59, Johnston Island*

60. Canton Island*
61. Dhahran, Saudi Arabia*
62. Beirut, Lebanon*

3.2

1.8

2.7

3.8

11

5.0

14
12

9.7

9.4
7.9

2.5
3.5
2.5
4.0

6.2
9.0
6.6
12

33
70
110

1.9
3.4
4.2

4.6
8.0
10

91
95

4.7
4.6

23
18

100
66
92
76
100
110
290
170
160
190
240
89
60

3.8
3.2
4.9
4.0
4.6
6.6
24
9.0
8.5
9.2
14
3.6
3.2

13
11
16
14
16
29
150
40
40
47
63
13
12

47

2.1

74

39
34

73

65

40
83

130
86
57
73

3.6

2.0
19

2.8

3.5
2.1
3.5

5.9

4.2
3.4
3.3

8.0

4.2
4.9

9.6

12

6.6

6.4
15

28

19
79
8.4

activity, using the known isotopic com-

position of the sample and the known
gammacharacteristics. The sum of these

integrated infinite doses from each of the

daily samples collected during any given
time represents the estimated gamma
dose for infinite time delivered to popu-

lations who are exposed from the start
of the sampling period. For practicalestimates, the infinite dose is delivered in 2
to 4 years after fallout.

The integrated gammadoseis sensitive
to the time of fallout, particularly in those

parts of the world in which fallout may
occur within | or 2 days of the detona-

tion. In such cases, the bulk of the gamma

dose is delivered within | month or so

after fallout. It is thus desirable to know
the time of fallout, at least to the nearest
day, and for this reason daily samples are

collected.
The United States collections were begun on a systematic basis in the fall of
1951. However, because of the way in

which the data were organized prior to
the fall of 1952, it has not proved practical to calculate the gamma doseesti-

matesprior to this date. An exception has

been madein Salt Lake City, Utah, which

is the only location beyond the immediate
vicinity of the Nevada test site known to
have received a gamma dose during this
period that is significant in relation to
the total received since October 1952.

Findings
The cumulative mixed fission product
data as of | January 1956 are summarized on the world-wide mapin Fig. 1,

and strontium-90 and gamma dose data:
are given in Table |. The United States
data arelisted individually in Table 2.

Theestimates of mixed fission products
and strontium-90 in the United States
include the period from October 1951 to
September 1955. Although some of the
foreign stations began collections in Oc-

tober 1952, not all of them have sampled
continuously since that time; these are indicated by an asterisk. Full data are
available from the Pacific and Asian locations for the 1952 and 1954 Pacific tests,
but they are not always available during
1953, when a Nevadatest series was con-

ducted. Some of the European, African,
and South Americanstations did not collect samples during the Pacific test series
in 1952. The missing data at these foreign
stations have been estimated by regional
interpolation. All stations have been sampling continuously since 1 January 1954,

andit is since that time that the bulk of

the fallout té date has occurred at most

overseas stations.

The gamma doses, which are derived

by calculation from the fallout of mixed
fission products, are not available prior

Select target paragraph3