SOG MENT SOu ACE Unwwersity of California at Berkeley CA The Bancrott Library/The University Archives, Berkeley RECOADS SERIES TITLE Kenn H, Cocoa Scott frag es BANCROFT/AUARG 10 NO. COPY FO /2I CaAATON NO. i i FOLDER NAME —— 1 Ae dc: ats 95 2. /94% NOTES nf £/ 3 FOUND BY/OA TE FOUND Koren Be les fo Jit SFY RED CELL AND BLOOD VOLUME IN HEALTHY MEN: Crt in latent or chronic form. No cases of gross clinical obesity were included. The men had stayed in San Quentin State Prison, where there is little seasonal variation of outdoor climate, for various periods of time. None had stayed recently at high alutudes or in climates of extreme heat or cold. The series included 46 men who had donated blood once and seven who had donated blood twice in the year preceding the experiment. Donors were not accepted if they had given blood within 42 days; those who had donated twice were nof accepted within 60 days of the last bleeding. The basis for the decision to include blood donors in the series of “normais” will be shown under Results. ~ 1069 by subtracting Wrbe from Vub. No factor was introduced to correct the data for the probable difference between the hematocrit of venous blood and that of the body as a whole (29-31). On the day of the experiment pulse and blood pressure were measured. The subject's height and weight im ‘the nude were measured to the nearest half inch and pound, respectively, and he was photographed as prescribed by Sheldon (32) for determination of somatotype. His age to the nearest birthday was recorded and the medical interview was completed. Overnight storage of the cells makes it possible to inject them into the fasting subject at a convenient time before breakfast. /m citro tests and animal experiments have shown that handling the blood in this way does not affect the accuracy of the method (27, 28). Vpl and Vwo, the coefficient ofvariation ii s smmalter: if the volumes are related toheight-and to weight: ~ combined or to the calculated bodySurface-area” (Du Bois’ formula), than if they jare related ta= height or weight alone. The valuesfor whole = blood have a smaller coefficient of-veriation than those of the two components. The bivariate equations represent straight lines and the trivariate equations, planes without curvature. In Figure 1, each of the 201 subjects is plotted 1We are greatly indebted to Dr. C. W. Dupertuis of Western Reserve Cniversity, who. at our request, kindly agreed to make an independent determination of somatotypes. No classification was considered correct unless approved by Dr. Dupertuis. awe Coahieare sa, er relationships of the volumes_to the body meas-_ urements. The regressiontines and planes -were-_ fitted by the method of léasfsquares. For Wrbe,- ytio Table II lists the mean values for Vrbe, Vp! and Vwb, with the regression equations describing the SAPD Re deat ©' Na.Cr™0,, containing 0.1 to 1.0 ug. of NaCrO, per uc. The erythrocytes were then washed and resuspended in saline and stored overnight in the refrigerator.) 2) Ten mil. of the cell suspension was delivered from a calibrated syringe and washed quantitatively into the subject's vein with not more than 30 mi. of saline, using an indwelling needle and a small infusion system J) Two or three samples of blood were taken from the same needle beginning not less than 20 minutes after delivery of the tagged ceils. The reported data are based on the averages of the derived values. A very slow infusion of saline provided for patency of the needle, but this was discontinued and at least 2 ml. of blood was taken from the vein and disearded before collection of any sample. 4) Vwb was determined by comparing the radioactivity of each blood sample with that of the tagged cell suspension, Vrbe was derived by multiplying Vwb and the hematocrit of the same blood sample. Vpl was obtained ot "4 On the basis of the medical interview, supplemented by information from associates and supervisors, each subject was assigned to a physical activity group. Group I (light) included clerical workers, laboratory assistants, PROCEDURE AND METHODS students and unemployed persons who did not participate ee” On the day before the experiment. blood was taken for in sports. Group II (moderate) consisted of janitors, tagging and the laboratory screening tests were performed. garden and yard workers, messengers, cooks, electricians, The subject stayed in the prison hospital overmght and- and so forth. Group III (heavy) consisted of men who received no food or medication after retiring in_the” worked as plumbers, roofers, plasterers, laundry helpers evening. He was also requested not to smoke. On the-- and quarry and construction laborers. Because of acmorning of the experiment. he reclined for at least 307 tivity_in sports, a person who by occupation belonged in minutes before injection of the tagged ceils and until Group [ might be placed in Group II. If he participated the final sample for measurement of blood volume had intensively in strenuous sports, such as weight-lifting, football, wrestling or boxing, a person whose work was been taken. \Wintrobe hematocrit tubes were filled in duplicate from each blood sample within three hours light: or moderate might be placed in Group III. - of collection and centrifuged for 30 minutes at 3,000 Eaele subject was classified ? according to a scale-of-13 (seven whotegrades and six half grades, shown in ‘Table rpm (radius 15 cm.). The height of the cell column I as primes) for each of the three somatotype components, was read to the top of the buffy coat, and no correction was applied for “trapped plasma.” endomorphy “(obesity ), mesomarphy (muscularity) and ectomorphy (lineanty). _ The volume of cells (Vrbec) was measured by a modification of the Cr™ method of Sterling and Gray (24) which we have described elsewhere (25) and which will ~~ RESULTS be analyzed in a forthcoming publication (26). Essentially, the procedure was as follows: J) About 15 ml of 1. Volumes in relation to height and weight the subject's blood was tagged with 100 to 200 uc. of