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WENNESL&ND. BROWN. HOPPER. HODGES. GUTTENTAG. SCOTT. TUCKER, BRADLEY
:
TABLE IV
_
Classification of 177 men with respect to endormorpay, mesomorphy and eclomorphy and mean
residuais 1m mi. of Vebc and Wpi of grouped cicsses*t
Ectomorpny =
Endomorahy.
Mesomerpay
_—
4.2
1,2
3.4.5
12
-
BRaS
3.4 5
6.7
eh
10;
116
26
i9
4
he
-3, 4.5
G7
i320
3)
-21
~133
—-—JJ
&0
=
-
0.
|-
i
6-97 =148
59)
ae
(46)
.
6.7
7
a?
yo 60 = 150
= 62
ok,
80 -J3I9 ~
=—i10° -27
Z
ST
(ts +430
~
:
id
>
~
Lou
:
2
* Numberof individuais in parentheses: mean Vrbe residual in beld type; mean Vpl residual in salsc ry pe.
+t The calculated linear r esgion equations of residuals on the three somatotvpe variables are as iollaws: J) Expected
Vebe residual (mi.) = -— 27En ++IMe — L7Ec + 114: 2) Expected Vpl residual vn, } = — 58Ea ~ 23ste: — &Ec - 19.
B) Somatotype. A total of 177—individuals
were somatotvped. They fell into 43_ distinct
groups when a scale of one to sevenwas used to
negative residuals in meaot high “fnuscularity
and low linearity but moderate obesing.
morphy, ectomorphy).
of the 190 subjects wha were classinad according
describe each component
(endemorphy,
meso-
Analysis -of residuals
C) Physical aczity. Table V shows thefairly
uniform distribution among Groups Uj IT and II!
to physical activicg. = The residuals af both Vrbe
and Vpl appear to increase withiincreasing physical activity but the effect is slight after allowances
for weight and height. The differences are not
doubtful statistical significance (p for Vrbe =
statistically significant (for Vrbe, p = 30; for
0.08, for Vpl = 0.23).
In Table IV, the degrees of endomorphy, et p = 0.15).
mesomorphy and ectomorphy have been reduced ——-#) Seasonal and within-month variations.
even further by grouping together the less extreme “Data were not collected primarily for evaluation
classes (three, four and five} and the high and_ of these factors. However, certain trends during
showed that the reduction in vamance whicH re-
sults from considering somatotype when height
and weight are fixed is numerically small and of
low extremes (one and two; six and seven).
Thus, the number of combinations
our material is reduced to 10 and
individuals per group is larger.
the table shows the predominance
in our subjects.
encountered in
the number of
Inspection of
of muscularity
The mean residuals show no
strong trends, although there appears to be a
tendency toward negative residuals in men of low
muscularity, positive residvals in men of high
muscularity, low linearity and low obesity and
activity
class
1
Il
tlt
Renduals Vol
Number
oa men
Mean
S. E*
Mean
S$. E.*
65
80
45
-19
I
15
24
21
29
-i7
7
22
30
27
36
® Standard error.
adi
Residuals Vrbe
the relatively uniform climate of San Quentin.
For example, in 1954 and 1955, the mean Vrbc
residuat for the 30 observations between July 7
and NovembersS-was + 117 ml. (S.E. 35), and
for the 51 observations between November 16 and
February 8, was — 70 ml. (S. E. 27). Mean
residuals forptasttm are similar, + 156 and — 130,
respectively,
It showld-be-kept in mind that these
two time intervals wereSelected from the entire
25 month period because they showed the most
extreme deviations, ‘suggesting a seasonal effect.
TABLE ¥
Influence of physwas actiriuy on Vebc and Vol
Physical
the 25-months of study suggest that seasonal
fluctuations of blood volume may occur even in
By grouping the residuate-according to the months
in which observations were made, it was found
that the variance within months was 15 per cent
lower than the variance of all 201 residuals (p =
0.001). The relative uniformity of results within
months. in contrast to the fluctuations during the
entire study period, might be attributed to a)
seasonal] effects, 5) the types ~§ subjects encoun-