carried out the radiological cleanup, rehabilitation, and resettlement
of Enewetak Atoll in the Marshall Islands. This documentary records,
from the perspective of DOD, the background, decisions, actions, and
results of this major national and international effort. The
documentary is designed: First, to provide a historical document which
records with accuracy this major event in the history of Enewetak
Atoll, the Marshall Islands, the Trust Territory of the Pacific
Islands, Micronesia, the Pacific Basin, and the United States. Second,
to provide a definitive record of the radiological contamination of the
Atoll. Third, to provide a detailed record of the radiological ‘exposure
of the cleanup forces themselves. Fourth, to provide a useful guide for
subsequent radiological cleanup efforts elsewhere. ;
Major Descriptors: *ENIWETOK -- DECONTAMINATION
Descriptors: FISSION PRODUCTS; MARSHALL ISLANDS; NUCLEAR EXPLOSIONS; USA
Broader Terms: CLEANING; EXPLOSIONS; ISLANDS; ISOTOPES; MARSHALL ISLANDS;
MATERIALS; MICRONESIA; NORTH AMERICA; OCEANIA; RADIOACTIVE MATERIALS
Subject Categories: 450200*
-- Military Technology, Weaponry, & National
Defense -- Nuclear Explosions & Explosives
510300
-- Environment, Terrestrial ~- Radioactive Materials Monitoring
&
Transport
--
(-1989)
520300
-- Environment, Aquatic -- Radioactive Materials Monitoring &
Transport -- (1989)
10/5/731
00936320
{Item 431 from file:
103)
ERA-07-041631; INS-82-012537; EDB-82-111172
Title: Dynamics of radionuclide exchange in the calcareous algae Halimeda
at Enewetak Atoll
Author(s): Spies, R.B. (Lawrence Livermore Lab., CA);
Marsh, K.V.;
Kercher, J.R.
Source: Limnol. Oceanogr. (United States)
v 26:1.
Coden: LIOCA
Publication Date:
Contract Number
1981
(DOE):
p 74-85
W-7405-ENG-48
Document Type: Journal Article
Language: English
Journal Announcement: EDB8207
Subfile:
INS (US Atomindex input);
Country of Origin: United States
ERA
(Energy Research Abstracts).
,
Abstract: Measurements of /sup 239 +240/Pu in the detrital inclusions and
in acid-soluble and acid-insoluble fractions of Halimeda macrophysa
showed a 10-fold higher concentration in the acid-insoluble coenocytic
filaments than in the acid-soluble fraction.
In a depuration
experiment with Halimeda incrassata at Enewetak Atoll the loss rate of
six radionuclides was measured.
Data for /sup 60/Co, /sup 137/Cs, and
/sup 102//sup m/Rh were fit to loss curves by using one term for
exponential loss; data for /sup 155/Eu, /sup 239 +240/Pu, and /sup
241/Am required two terms.
For each radionuclide, compartment size and
transfer functions were determined for the apropriate one- and
two-compartment models.
Of 26 possible two-compartment models, only
seven gave solutions with our data.
Nearly identical loss rates were
obtained for /sup 155/Eu,
/sup 239 +240/Pu, and /sup 241/Am in the
fast-exchanging compartments for all seven models.
The uptake rates
for these nuclides were also similar when uptake rates were normalized
to local sediment concentrations.
The fast-exchanging compartment
probably corresponds to the mucilage surface layer of the coenocytic
filaments.
The identity of the slow-exchanging compartment is less
certain but it may correspond to the skeletal surface. ;
Major Descriptors: *ALGAE -- RADIONUCLIDE KINETICS
Descriptors: AMERICIUM 241; CESIUM 137; COBALT 60; ENIWETOK;
EUROPIUM 155;
©
LOSSES; MATHEMATICAL MODELS; PLUTONIUM 239; PLUTONIUM 240; RHODIUM 102;™
SEDIMENTS; UPTAKE
aa
Broader Terms: ACTINIDE ISOTOPES; ACTINIDE NUCLEI; ALKALI METAL ISOTOPES; ™
ALPHA DECAY RADIOISOTOPES; AMERICIUM ISOTOPES; BETA DECAY RADIOISOTOPES”
; BETA-MINUS DECAY RADIOISOTOPES; BETA-PLUS DECAY RADIOISOTOPES; CESIUM™
ISOTOPES; COBALT ISOTOPES; DAYS LIVING RADIOISOTOPES; ELECTRON CAPTURE
RADIOISOTOPES; EUROPIUM ISOTOPES; EVEN-EVEN NUCLEI; EVEN-ODD NUCLEI;
HEAVY NUCLEI; INTERMEDIATE MASS NUCLEI; INTERNAL CONVERSION