Based on these resuspension studies, including mass loading, EF, and POE,
and a living pattern that places island residents in normal conditions 23 h
per day and in high-activity conditions for I h per day for their entire life,
the inhalation doses from resuspended Pu and Am are less
than
1% of the
estimated 30-y integral
bone marrow dose and about 8 to 10% of the bone
surface
latest
dose
using
the
distribution of Pu and Am.
ICRP
parameters
for
gut
transfer
and
The doses via inhalation from !37cs and 99Sr are
several orders of magnitude less (Robison et al., 1982b, 1987).
w
DISCUSSION
This
report
includes
the
information available on the radionuclide
concentrations in vegetation, soil, water, and animals at Bikini Atoll.
data
are
decay
corrected
to
year
1987
unless
stated
otherwise.
The |
The
radionuctide concentration in marine species are presented in Noshkin
et al.
(1988).
No attempt is made here to estimate potential radiological)
doses; the total estimated dose for Bikini and Eneu Islands from all exposure
pathways can be found in Robison et al. (1982b), and external exposures have
been reported in Tipton and Meibaum (1981) and Gudiksen et al. (1976).
For reference,
the terrestrial
food chain has been identified as. the
source of about 80% of the potential, total estimated dose.
The external
gamma-—exposure pathway is the second largest contributor to the total dose;
the marine-food-chain pathway,
inhalation pathway, and cistern and ground
water pathway contribute in a minor way to the total estimated dose.
Cesium-137,
through the
terrestrial
food
chain and
external
gamma
exposure, accounts for more than 90% of the estimated 30-y integral effective
dose; 90Sr accounts for about 3 to 7% of the bone marrow and bone surface
cells 30-y integral dose.
The transuranic radionuclides contribute about 2%
of the bone marrow 30-y integral dose and about 15 to 20% of the bone surface
cell dose.
SOIL
Bikini Island, the major residence island at the Atoll, has the highest
concentrations of !3/Cs in the soil and vegetation at the Atoll].
64
All other