Five persons in the exposed population died of disease: (1) a 46-year-old man with hypertensive heart disease which had been present at the time of exposure, who died 2 years after the accident; (2) a 78-year-old man who died, 3 years after exposure, of coronary heart disease complicating diabetes; (3) a 35-year-old man whodied of acute varicella, 4 years after exposure, who had received only 69 rads, having been on Ailingnae at the time of the fallout; (4) a 60-year-old woman whodied of a cancer of the ovary at 5 years after exposure; and (5) a 78-year-old woman whodied of traumatic vertebral fractures at 8 years after exposure. There was no apparentrelationship between anyof these deaths and radiation exposure. Four deaths have occurred in the comparison population. Thefive deaths that have occurred in the exposed people since exposure represent a mortality rate of 7.6 per 1000 population per annum, compared with 8.3 for the Marshall Islands as a whole. Growth and development studies on the children (height, weight, anthropometric measurements, A cardiovascular survey of the adults (1959)’ showed no outstanding differences between the exposed and unexposed groups. The people appeared to have less hypertension on the whole than is noted in people in the continental United States. An arthritts survey (1959)' showed no greatdif- ferences between the exposed and the unexposed people, and about the sameincidenceas is seen in American populations. Ophthalmological surveys showed no remarkable differences between the exposed and unexposed groups except possibly a slightly greater number of cases of pterygia, pingueculae, and corneal scars in the exposed group. It is not known whetherthis finding is of any significance in relation to their radiation exposure. Slit-lamp observations showed no opacities of the lens characteristic of radiation exposure. As a whole, visual and accommodation levels in the Marshallese appeared to be above the average in the U.S. population. Dental surveys’ showed nosignificant differences radiographic studies for bone age) have revealed that slight retardation in growth and development in caries rate between exposed and unexposed groups. However, the incidence and severity of 12 years of age at the time of exposure, particularly those 12 to 18 months of age at exposure. Only slight immaturity was noted in the exposed posed group.It is not known whether or notthis of exposed parents wereslightly retarded and that they hadslightly lower levels of neutrophils, lymphocytes, and platelets, compared with malechil- teenage children, severe peridontal lesions in has occurred in the exposed boys who were under female children.It was also noted that children born dren of unexposed parents. However, since the latter children were on the average 4 monthsolder, the data did not justify a conclusion that the difference in stature was associated with the exposure ofthe parents. It was difficult to evaluate the effects on fertility. However, a review of the birth rate of the exposed group over the past 8 years seems to indicate no noticeable effect of their exposure on fertility. The 35 births represent a rate of 53 per 1000 popula- tion per annum compared with 37.3 for the Marshall Islands (1957). The 25 births over a 5-year period for the comparison population represent a rate of 21.8 per 1000 population. A somewhat peridontal disease was slightly greater in the ex- finding is related to radiation effects. The poor oral hygiene generally observed in the Marshallese hadits usual results, namely, high caries rate in adults (heavy calculus and loss of alveolar bone), and edentulous mouths in the aged. Radiation exposure did not appear to have affected developing dentition in the exposed children. Late effects of radiation. Various parameters usually associated with aging were measuredor estimated on a 0 to 4+ scale (skin looseness, elasticity, andsenile changes; greying of the hair and balding; accommodation, visual acuity, and arcus senilis; hearing; cardiovascular changes including blood pressure and degrees of peripheral andretinal arteriosclerosis; neuromuscular function: and hand strength). Comparison of these measurements in exposed and unexposed individuals of of vital statistics on the Marshallese and the small the same age groups showed no apparent differences. A biological age score was calculated for individuals and groups by use of an average percentage score. Life shortening effects of radiation have not been apparent. As noted, the mortality rate ily amenable to statistical analysis. exposed people. greater incidence of miscarriages and stillbirths was noted in the exposed women during the first 4 years after exposure, but because of the paucity numberof people involved, the data are not read- was about the same in the exposed as in the un-