Methods of Dose Calculation
The external cose measurements

and

calculations irom gamma-emitting
ws
aay
.
.
137 a
.
radionuclides, primarily
cS ana
50.
.
og
.
Co,

sodei caicuiates
cy factor “OF)

the dose with a quaior 1 without he use

cian factor ror nonuniform distri>urion in the bone.

distributed in the soil on

Bikini and Eneu Islands nas deen

Under these

conditions the bone marrow doses

4

described in detail.”

snouid be compared to the 0.5 rem/yr

Previous studies of the aged fall1
8
in the Marshall Islands and the
out’

guideline for members of the public

anaiytical data reported here indicate

used if mineral bone doses are cal-

chat only

60.,

’

905,

’

137o,

’

241
4.

An,

rather than the 3 rem/yr criteriale”}8
culated using an ~ factor of 5, 2915

239,240

and plutonium isotopes contribute co

The done liver doses of

the internal dose.

caiculated using the ICRP lung

The doses resuiting

19,20

from the inhalation and ingestion of

and the most recent param-

these nuclides have been calculated

eters for transfer from the lung,

using the most recent models,

across the gut wall, and for retenrion
19,21 A

transfer

coefficients, and turnover times avail-

able.

The dose from

% was based

time in the critical organs.

summary description of this model and

upon a single-exponential model with a

associated transfer and retention

biological half time of 10 da.?

coerficients is given in a recent

The

transfer across the gut to whole body

was taken as 0.3.

For 137

Cs a two-

component exponential function was
used.

paper by Martin and Bloom. °2

Table 4,

ALL of the 1376, ingested is

assumed to reach the whole body.

Of

the total 13764 reaching the body,

Disintegration energy (E) and
fractional deposition (F) in
reference organ of five major
radionuclides.

152

has a biological half time of 1 da

Whole
Body

Bone

Liver

E,
MeV

re

F

F.

1370,

0.59

-

-

1.0

The doses

905,

lel

0.3

-

-

from 905, in this report are given for

60¢4
9

0.87

_

-

0.3

and 85% has a biological half time of

115 days. 1°

The critical organ for 905,-dose

calculation is bone marrow.

bone marrow and are calculated by the
method developed bySpiers/?713 and
14
used in the UNSCEAR reports.

This

Radionuclide

239.2405,

53°

1.35(-5) 1.20(-3)

“Numbers in parentheses indicate.powers

of 10, i.e., (-5) indicates <x 107:

Select target paragraph3