-ne errective energies
(2)
and
vadionuciides tnar -roduce
the Iracticn or ingested nuciide
ny
veacning ine rererence orgar
over +9% of the cose are “itzeq in
yoar
Exposure Pathways:
Description and Dose
EXTERNAL cAMMA DOSE
of the amount recommended >v <he annual
guideline and leaves little room for
The description of the measurements,
dose caicuiations,
and dose estimates
dose accumulation via other ctathways.
Similarly,
the annual guidelines for a
for the external exposure pathway have
oopulation for 30 yr is 5 rem. and the
been reported in detatl,-
estimated 30-vr integral dose (ex
in summary,
137,
. 30
.
.
:
.
Cs and
~“Co produce neariy ail the
cluding natural background)
external dose on both Bikini and Eneu
terns 5 and 6 is 5.1 rem.
Islands, with
a 30-vr veriod,
137
Cs contributing
approximately 94% of the totai.
In
fsr PatAgain, over
the external dose
received from this housing location
addition, zhe dose levels on Eneu
and living pattern allows no contribu-
Island were about one-half those on
tion by exposure from other czathways.
Bikini Island.
This is very significant because
he tirst-vr dose and 30-vr inte-
4
potential doses via the terrestrial
gral dose on the two islands as a
Food chain can exceed those resulting
funetion of the alternative living
from external exposure.
patterns is shown in Table =.
Inte-
grated external exposures tor 10,
Housing constructed in Area 2
30,
(Table 2, Patterns 4a and +b) along
50, and 70 vr are listed in Tables 6
the lagoon road reduces the external
through 9, respectively.
Residence in
exposure relative to Patterns 5 and. 6
the interior of Bikini Island (Fig, 2,
by approximately 25%, depending upom
Area 3) gives the highest external
which remedial action is considered..
exposure (Patterns 5 and 6).
Commonly,
The
crushed gravel is placed
annual Federal guideline for a member
around the houses and is accomplished
of the population recommends a dose
easily.
Soil removal and replacement,
less than 0.5 rem for the whole body
however,
are more difficuit =o imple-
and 0.5 rem for bone marrow.
ment.
23-26
For
Living in residences already
Patterns = and 6 the estimaced first-
established on Bikini Island (Fig. 33
yr dose of 0.25 rem (excluding natural
in Fig. 2, Area 1) gives the smallest
background) is a significant ‘fraction
external exposure on Bikini Island
~12~